09 JUNE CURRENT AFFAIRS (MCQ)

Q1. Consider the following statements about the Sea of Marmara:

1. It is an inland sea, entirely within the borders of Turkey.
2. It connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea.
   Which of the above statements given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: c)

Explanation:
Both statements are correct
Sea of Marmara
 It is an inland sea, entirely within the
borders of Turkey.
 It connects the Black Sea to the Aegean
Sea, thus separating Turkey’s Asian and
European lands.
 The Bosphorus strait connects it to the
Black Sea and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea.

Q2. Which of the following factors cause formation of ‘Sea snot’?

1. Global warming
2. Algal bloom
3. Water pollution
   Select the correct answer from code given below:
   a) 1 and 2 only
   b) 2 and 3 only
   c) 1 and 3 only
   d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: d)

Explanation:
‘Sea snot’ is marine mucilage that is formed when algae are overloaded with nutrients as
a result of water pollution combined with the effects of climate change.
 Twin crises of pollution and global warming
o Algal bloom: The nutrient overload occurs when algae feast on warm
weather caused by global warming.

Water pollution: Overproduction of phytoplankton caused by climate change and the
uncontrolled dumping of household and industrial waste into the seas has led to the
present crisis.

Q3. Consider the following statements:

1. The Sustainable Development Goals target 3.4 aims for reducing mental illness
   within the population.
2. In India, a person who attempts suicide is presumed to be suffering from mental
   illness at that time.
   Which of the above statements given above is/are not correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: d)

Explanation:
Both statements are correct
 The Sustainable Development Goals target 3.4 and 3.5 talks about reducing mental
illness within the population.
 Suicide is decriminalised
o Mental Health Act, 2017 brought changes in Section 309 of the Indian
Penal Code (which criminalized attempted suicide).
o A person who attempts suicide shall be presumed to be suffering from mental
illness at that time and will not be punished under the Indian Penal Code.
o The government shall have a duty to provide care, treatment and
rehabilitation to a person, having severe stress and who attempted to commit
suicide, to reduce the risk of recurrence of attempt to commit suicide.

Q4. Consider the following statements:

1. Amyloid beta is a protein that forms plaques in the brain.
2. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit a signal from a neuron
   across the synapse to a neuron only.
   Which of the above statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)

Explanation:
Only statement 1 is correct.
Amyloid beta denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the
amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit a signal from a neuron across
the synapse to a target cell, which can be a different neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.
Neurotransmitters are chemical substances made by the neuron specifically to transmit
a message.

Q5. Consider the following statements:

1. A virus is made up of RNA only.
2. The genetic material of the coronavirus is ribonucleic acid (RNA) strands.
   Which of the above statements given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 & 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)

Explanation:
Only statement 2 is correct.
 Viruses are the smallest of all the microbes.
 They are unique because they are only alive and able to multiply inside the cells of
other living things. The cell they multiply in is called the host cell.
 A virus is made up of a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded
by a protective coat called a capsid which is made up of protein.

 The genetic material of the virus COVID-19 is a positive-sense, single-
stranded RNA. It is well known that other positive-sense, single-
stranded RNA viruses evade NMD by having RNA structures that prevent NMD

from degrading viral RNAs

Q6. Consider the following statements in context of genetic sequencing:

1. Genome sequencing is figuring out the order of DNA nucleotides, or bases.
2. Genetic sequencing reveals how a virus originated.
   Which of the above statements given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 & 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: c)

Explanation:
Both statements are correct.
Genetic sequencing
 Genome sequencing is figuring out the order of DNA nucleotides, or bases, in a
genome—the order of As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that make up an organism’s DNA.
 The human genome is made up of over 3 billion of these genetic letters.
 Unravelling the genetic code, letter-by-letter, is known as genetic sequencing.
 Genetic sequencing also reveals how the virus originated, and to some extent, help
predict how it may change in the future.
Genetic sequencing is also a valuable tool for vaccine development.

Q7. Consider the following statements with reference to the Child Adoption
Regulatory Authority (CARA):

1. It is an autonomous body of the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development.
2. It is the nodal body for adoption of Indian children and it regulates in-country and inter-
   country adoptions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: c) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:
Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is the nodal body for adoption of Indian
children. It regulates in-country and inter-country adoptions (in accordance with the
provisions of The Hague Convention on Inter-Country Adoption, 1993, ratified by
Government of India in 2003). It is an autonomous body of the Union Ministry of Women
and Child Development. Hence both statements are correct.

Q8. India is a member of which of the following?

1. Asia-Pacific economic corporation.
2. Association of South-East Asian Nations plus Six summits.
3. East Asia Summit
   Select the correct answer using the code given below
   a) 1 and 2 only
   b) 2 and 3 only
   c) 1 and 3 only
   d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: b) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:
India is not a member of APEC. India has requested membership in APEC, and received
initial support from the United States, Japan, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Officials
have decided not to allow India to join for various reasons, considering that India does not
border the Pacific Ocean, which all current members do.

Q9. With reference to the Ber-D, consider the following statements:

1. Scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
   have recently modified the structure of Berberine into Ber-D to use as a Alzheimer’s
   inhibitor.
2. Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and accounts for
   more than 70% of all dementia.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: c) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:
Scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) have
modified the structure of Berberine into Ber-D to use as a Alzheimer’s inhibitor.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and accounts for
more than 70% of all dementia. The multifactorial nature of the disease attributed to
multifaceted toxicity has made it difficult for researchers to develop effective medication.
Berberine is poorly soluble and toxic to cells. So they modified berberine to Ber-D, which
is a soluble (aqueous), antioxidant. They found it to be a multifunctional inhibitor of
multifaceted amyloid toxicity of Alzheimer’s disease. The structural attributes of Ber-D are
such that they prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and rescue
biomacromolecules from oxidative damage. Hence both statements are correct.

Q10. Mission Indradhanush provides vaccination against which of the following
diseases?

1. Diphtheria
2. Japanese encephalitis (JE)
3. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)
   Select the correct code
   a) 1 and 2 only
   b) 2 and 3 only
   c) 1 and 3 only
   d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation:
Mission Indradhanush provides vaccination against 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
(VPD) i.e. diphtheria, Whooping cough, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, meningitis
and pneumonia, Hemophilus influenza type B infections, Japanese encephalitis (JE),
rotavirus vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and measles-rubella (MR).