30 & 31 JULY CURRENT AFFAIRS

Q1. Which of the following is/are the function/s performed by the Indian Computer
Emergency Response Team (CERT-In)?

1. Collection, analysis and dissemination of information on cyber incidents.
2. Preparation of National Cyber Security Policy.
3. Prosecution of people and companies responsible for cyber-attacks
   Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
   a) 1 and 2 only
   b) 1 only
   c) 2 and 3 only
   d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: b)
Explanation:
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) is the national nodal
agency for responding to computer security incidents as and when they occur.
CERT-In has been designated to serve as the national agency to perform the
following functions in the area of cyber security:
• Collection, analysis and dissemination of information on cyber incidents. 1
is correct
• Forecast alerts of cyber security incidents.
• Emergency measures for handling cyber security incidents.
• Coordination of cyber incident response activities.
• Issue guidelines, advisories, vulnerability notes and whitepapers relating to
information security practices, procedures, prevention, response and
reporting of cyber incidents.
• Such other functions relating to cyber security as may be prescribed.
• Prosecution of people and companies accused of cyber-attacks does not fall
under the mandate of the CERT-In. 2 is incorrect.
• The National Cyber Security Policy periodically is prepared by the Ministry
of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). 3 is incorrect.

Q2. Consider the following statements:

1. Rashtriya Barh Ayog (RBA), or the National Flood Commission, was set up
   by the Ministry of Water resources.

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2. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), the flood
   prone area of India lies mostly along the Ganga-Brahmaputra river basin.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)
Explanation:
Rashtriya Barh Ayog (RBA), or the National Flood Commission, was set up by the
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation in 1976, to study India’s flood-control
measures after the projects launched under the National Flood Control Programme
of 1954 failed to achieve much success. 1 is incorrect.
• In 1980, the RBA made 207 recommendations and four broad observations.
• The RBA estimated that the total area vulnerable to floods in 1980 was
around 40 million hectares.
• According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), the area
lies mostly along the Ganga-Brahmaputra river basin. 2 is correct.

Q3. ‘Future of Jobs’ report is published by
a) World Bank
b) International Labour Organization
c) World Economic Forum
d) IMF

Solution: c)
Explanation:
World Economic Forum has released the Future of Jobs Report, 2020. The Future
of Jobs report maps the jobs and skills of the future, tracking the pace of change.
It aims to shed light on the pandemic-related disruptions in 2020, contextualized
within a longer history of economic cycles and the expected outlook for technology
adoption, jobs and skills in the next five years.

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Q4. Consider the following statements:

1. Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity’s demand for ecological
   resources and services in a given year exceeds what Earth can regenerate in
   the next year.
2. It is calculated by WWF and Global Footprint Network.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)
Explanation:
About Earth Overshoot Day:
• Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity’s demand for ecological
resources and services in a given year exceeds what Earth can regenerate
in that year. In 2021, it falls on July 29. 1 is incorrect.
• For the rest of the year, society operates in ecological overshoot by
drawing down local resource stocks and accumulating carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere. The first Earth Overshoot Day was December 19, 1987.
• It is calculated by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and Global
Footprint Network. 2 is correct.
• This means that humanity is currently using nature 1.75 times faster than
our planet’s ecosystems can regenerate. If we moved Earth Overshoot Day
back 4.5 days every year, we would return to living within the means of one
Earth before 2050.

Q5. Consider the following statements about Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection
of Children) Amendment Bill 2021:

1. In every district, the district magistrate and the additional district magistrate
   will get the power to monitor functions of agencies responsible for
   implementation of the Act.
2. Child victims of trafficking and drug abuse and those abandoned by their
   guardians are not included in the definition of “child in need of care”.

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Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)
Explanation:
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill, 2021,
which seeks to amend the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015, was passed in the Rajya
Sabha.
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
• It has come into force from January 15, 2016 and repeals the Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.
• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, defines the
legal framework in which juveniles (below 18 years old in India) can appear
before a judge.
Key points:
• Empowering district magistrates: In every district, the district magistrate
and the additional district magistrate will get the power to monitor functions
of agencies responsible for implementation of the Act. 1 is correct.
o The district child protection unit will also function under the district
magistrate.

• Scope increased: The scope of the Juvenile Justice Act has also been
expanded.
o Child victims of trafficking and drug abuse and those abandoned
by their guardians will be included in the definition of “child in need of
care” and protection. 2 is incorrect.

• Category of offences: At present, the Act has three categories of petty,
serious and heinous crimes.
o One more category will be included.
o Children accused of offences where the maximum sentence is more
than seven years but in which no minimum sentence is prescribed will
no longer be tried in adult courts.

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Q6. Consider the following statements:

1. Indra is the joint military exercise between India and USA.
2. Dharma Guardian is a bilateral army exercise between India and Japan.
3. Shinyuu Maitri is a Joint military exercise between India and Thailand.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 and 2 only
   b) 2 only
   c) 1 only
   d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: b)
Explanation:
12th Edition of Indo-Russia joint military Exercise INDRA 2021 will be held at
Volgograd, Russia from 01 to 13 August 2021. 1 is incorrect.
• Dharma Guardian. It is a bilateral army exercise between India and Japan.
2 is correct.
• Shinyuu Maitri. It is a Joint military exercise between Indian Air Force
and Japanese Air Self Defence Force (JASDF). 3 is incorrect.

Q7. Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) provides insurance
cover on bank deposits in which of the following financial institutions?

1. All Scheduled Commercial Banks
2. All Cooperative Societies
3. All Foreign Banks
4. All Regional Rural Banks
5. All Non-Banking Financial Institutions
   Select the correct option from the following
   a) 1 and 3 only
   b) 2 and 4 only
   c) 1, 3 and 4 only
   d) 2, 3 and 5 only

Solution: c)

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Explanation:
• DICGC covers all Scheduled commercial banks, foreign bank branches,
regional rural banks, cooperative Banks except primary cooperative
societies.
• It does not cover Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC).

Q8. Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect with respect to Right to be
Forgotten?

1. It has been recognised as a statutory right in the European Union under the
   General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
2. In India Information Technology Act, 2000 specifically provides for the right
   to be forgotten.
   Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)
Explanation:
Right to be Forgotten
• It is the right to have publicly available personal information removed from
the internet, search, databases, websites or any other public platforms, once
the personal information in question is no longer necessary, or relevant.
• In India, there is no law that specifically provides for the right to be forgotten.
However, the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 recognised this right.
• Information Technology Act, 2000 provides for safeguard against certain
breaches in relation to data from computer systems.
• It contains provisions to prevent the unauthorized use of computers,
computer systems and data stored therein.
• Personal Data Protection Bill introduced in Lok Sabha in 2019, aims to set
out provisions meant for the protection of the personal data of individuals.

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• Clause 20 under Chapter V of this draft bill titled “Rights of Data Principal”
mentions the “Right to be Forgotten.”

Q9. Consider the following statements with respect to Biotech-PRIDE Guidelines

1. It deals with generation of biological data and enables exchange of
   information to promote research and innovation in different research groups
   across the country.
2. It will be implemented through Indian Biological Data Centre (IBDC).
   Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)
Explanation:
• Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology, Dr
Jitendra Singh has recently released “Biotech-PRIDE (Promotion of Research
and Innovation through Data Exchange) Guidelines”.
• It has been developed by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of
Science and Technology.
• The Minister also launched the website of Indian Biological Data Centre,
IBDC.
Biotech PRIDE Guidelines
• The guidelines will enable exchange of information to promote research and
innovation in different research groups across the country.
• It aims at providing a well-defined framework and guiding principle to
facilitate and enable sharing and exchange of biological knowledge,
information and data.
• It is specifically applicable to high-throughput, high-volume data generated
by research groups across the country.
• These guidelines do not deal with generation of biological data per se but an
enabling mechanism to share and exchange information and knowledge

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generated as per the existing laws, rules, regulations and guidelines of the
country.
• Initially, these Guidelines will be implemented through Indian Biological
Data Centre (IBDC) at Regional Centre for Biotechnology supported by
Department of Biotechnology.
• Other existing datasets/ data centres will be bridged to this IBDC which will
be called Bio-Grid.
• This Bio-Grid will be a National Repository for biological knowledge,
information and data and will be responsible for enabling its exchange,
developing measures for safety, standards and quality for datasets and
establishing detailed modalities for accessing data.

Q10. Consider the following statements with respective to Earth Overshoot Day

1. UN-Environment Programme (UNEP) partnered with World Wide fund for
   Nature to launch the first global Earth Overshoot Day campaign.
2. Earth Overshoot Day is computed by dividing the planet’s bio capacity by
   humanity’s Ecological Footprint and multiplying by 365.
   Which of the statement(s) given above is/are incorrect?
   a) 1 only
   b) 2 only
   c) Both 1 and 2
   d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)
Explanation:
Earth Overshoot Day
• The day marks the date when humanity’s demand for ecological resources
(fish and forests, for instance) and services in a given year exceeds what the
Earth can regenerate in that year.
• UK think tank New Economics Foundation, partnered with Global Footprint
Network in 2006 to launch the first global Earth Overshoot Day campaign.
• The Ecological Footprint is a metric that comprehensively compares human
demand on nature against nature’s capacity to regenerate.

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• Earth Overshoot Day is computed by dividing the planet’s biocapacity (the
amount of ecological resources Earth is able to generate that year), by
humanity’s Ecological Footprint (humanity’s demand for that year), and
multiplying by 365, the number of days in a year:
• (Earth’s Biocapacity / Humanity’s Ecological Footprint) x 365 = Earth
Overshoot Day